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Athletics
is another ancient sport, whose origins can be traced back to 1,300 B.C., in Greece. The
sport did not survive the Greek Olympics. Traces of the sport can be evidenced during the
12th Century in England. The first athletic meet as such was held at the Royal Academy in
Woolwich, London during 1849. The first regular competition was perhaps the event held at
Exeter College, Oxford in 1850. |
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The migration of Britishers to the United States, spread the game fast in that country.
Though the first U.S. National Amateur Athletic Championship was held in 1876, the sport
received a big impetus when the French aristocrat Pierre de Coubertin decided to revive
the Olympic Movement in 1896. The International Amateur Athletic Federation was born in
1913, but refused to concern itself with women athletes. This led to the formation of a
separate international body for women called the Federation Sportive Feminine
International in 1921. The first World competitions for women were held at Paris in 1922.
The women's movement continued till 1934 when the International Amateur Athletic
Federation decided to take over and conduct women's events too. The Federation Sportive
Feminine International was dissolved in 1936 and the IAAF became the sole body responsible
for the promotion of World athletics.
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The International Olympic Committee, under whose aegis the Olympic Games are now
conducted, was formed on 25th June 1912. The present Olympic Flag comprising five
inter-linked rings, which signifies the friendship between the five continents, was
introduced in the 1920 Games at Antwerp. India's participation in the Olympic Games dates
back to 1900 when Norman Pritchard, an Anglo-Indian from Calcutta, participated in the
event at Paris.
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Pritchard, who was holidaying in France at that time, won silver medals in the 200 metres
sprint and 200 metres hurdles events. Pritchard was the first ever Asian to win an Olympic
medal.
A two-member squad from India had participated in the 1920 Games where Chugle finished
19th in the grueling marathon. Sir Dorabji Tata was responsible in sponsoring eight
members to the 1924 event. The Indian Olympic Association was formed in 1927 with Sir
Dorabji Tata as the first president and Dr. A.C. Northern of Young Men's Christian
Association, Madras as the secretary. India's first official representation in the
Olympics was made in 1928 Games at Amsterdam by a seven-member team of athletes. In terms
of results, Mervyn Sutton of India reached the semifinals of the 110 metres hurdles during
the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932. M. C. Dhawan cleared 44 feet and 9 ? inches in the
triple jump event during the same Games.
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Interestingly, India's bid for a gold medal in the Olympic Games was nipped due to the
cold weather of London in 1948. Henry Rebello, a self-coached triple jump ace had
qualified for the London Olympics with a new national mark of 50 feet and two inches. Just
before the Games, Rebello had cleared 52 feet and was all let to make his mark in the
Olympics. But, the Indian star was disturbed just as he was about to take off in the final
and was asked to wait till the completion of the victory ceremony.
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Unaccustomed to the cold conditions of England, Rebello landed in big trouble and finally
ended up with writhing pain on the triple jump pit. He had to be carried away on a
stretcher with a pulled hamstring muscle.
Indian athletics entered a new chapter with the formation of the Amateur Athletics
Federation of India in 1946 at Bangalore. Professor Gurudutt Sondhi was the elected as the
first president and N. Ahmed was made as the first secretary. The National Championships
became a regular feature since 1949 and the first athletics coaching camp was held in 1950
at Simla in preparation for the first Asian Games, which was held in New Delhi in 1951.
The 49-member Indian contingent returned with a 10-gold haul. India's major contribution
towards the International Sports Community has been the successful launch and continuation
of the Asian Games. The concept of the Asian Games became a reality thanks to the untiring
efforts of Prof. Sondhi, who left no stone unturned. The Asian Games Federation was formed
with Maharaja Yadavendra Singh of Patiala as the president and Prof. Sondhi as the
secretary cum treasurer. The Games, held once in four years, has now become an important
feature in the international calen dar for the Asian countries. India also hosted the
Asian Games for the second time in New Delhi at 1992.
The other salient features of the Indian athletics movement include the Rajkumari Amrit
Kaur coaching scheme which started at the National Stadium, New Delhi in 1952, the
starting of the National Institute of Sports, Patiala in 1961, the setting up of the
All-India Council of Sports and the formation of the SNIPES Board. The NIS, which was
started essentially as a premier institution for the training of coaches, has now been
re-designated as the Sports Authority of India and given a broader spectrum in the
development of sports in the country. With physical fitness becoming the over-riding
factor for success in modern-day sports, the Sports Authority of India has now been vested
with the responsibility of shaping the physical fitness regimen of Indian sportspersons.
The Sports Authority of Indias, Southern Centre at Bangalore has been deemed as a
Centre of Excellence in terms of the training facilities that are available there. Sports
medicine, diet, nutrition and the various other factors that are required to imbibe
sporting strengths in sportspersons is now the focus of the SAI, Southern Centre. The
formation of NIS subsequently re-christened as SAI led to certain changes in the
Government outlook and policy to sports. The All-India Council of Sports was dissolved and
the SNIPES Board was merged with SAI. The SAI centres at Patiala and Bangalore are now at
the hub of training activities for sportspersons in preparation for international sports
meets.
Milkha Singh, whose exploits in the Rome Olympics earned him the sobriquet of the Flying Sikh, was the first household
name in modern Indian athletics. P.T. Usha then became a popular figure in India homes,
while Bangalores Ashwini Nachappa brought the glamour angle with her training stints
in the US. Though Indian athletes have failed to make a big impact on the world arena,
there is still a hope that a Milkha Singh or a P.T. Usha would still map Indias in
the International scenario. The other notable Indian performers include Mohinder Singh,
Labh Singh, Leslie Boosey and his son Derek Boosey who migarated to England and
represented the United Kingdom in the Mexico Olympics, Mohinder Singh Gill (trained in the
US and won a triple jump gold at the 1970 Asian Games followed by a silver in the 1974
Teheran Asiad), Gurubachan Singh Randhawa, Parduman Singh, Lavy Pinto, Kenneth Powell,
Edward Sequeira, Suresh Babu, Praveen Kumar, Yohannan, Sohan Singh, Zora Singh, M.D.
Valasamma, Shiny Wilson, Reeth Devaiah, Angel Mary Joseph, Geeta Zutshi, Sunita Godara,
Bahadur Singh and Chand Ram.
The Indian athletics calendar includes a number of state and national level championships
in the various age group categories. In the senior level, the Open athletic championships
and inter-state meet are the major events. While athletes have to compulsorily represent
their state (or AAFI affiliated unit), in the Open meet they have the option of
representing sports control boards, public sector undertakings or private sector
organisations.
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