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The game of tennis had its parent root in Egypt or Persia around 500 B.C. It is
also believed that the game could owe its origins to a game of handball that was played in
ancient Greece. Around the 11th or 12th Century, the French devised a game called 'jeu de
paume' or the game of the palm.
In 1873, Major Walter Clopton of England introduced a version closely resembling the
modern sport. He patented the equipment and rules for playing the game on grass in 1874.
Major Walter Wingfield introduced his guests to a game called 'Sphairistike' in 1873.
Prior to this Major Harry Gem of England and his Spanish friend J.B. Perera pioneered a
similar type of game. |
The game soon replaced croquet as the most popular outdoor sport in England. The All
England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club in 1877 sponsored the first major tournament for men
at its headquarters in Wimbledon. The women's event was included in 1884. By the turn of
the 19th Century the game spread to Canada, South Africa, America, France, Germany,
Belgium and Australia. The game was included in the 1896 Olympics and continued till 1924.
It was reinstated in the 1988 Seoul Olympics and has been a part of the Asiad calendar
since 1958.
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American player Dwight Davis donated the Davis Cup to be awarded annually to the country
that wins the world's men's team championship which originated in 1900. Today tennis has
become a highly professional and commercial sport with a number of professional circuits -
the French Open, Wimbledon, the American Open and the Australian Open are the plum Grand
Slam events.
Generally considered as an elite sport, tennis in India is mostly confined to clubs in
metropolitan and urban centres. India has produced a few players of top calibre, who have
done the country proud, especially in the Davis Cup competition.
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Towards the end of the 20th Century, India's Leander Paes of Calcutta and Mahesh
Bhupathi of Bangalore had taken the tennis world by storm by their doubles exploits.
The winsome twosome ended the Millennium on a high note by creating a unique record. They
entered the doubles final of all the four Grand Slam events and won the Wimbledon and
French Open championships. India also became an important stop in the men's calendar with
the ATP Gold Flake Open tennis tournament taking firm roots at Chennai from April 1997. In
fact, Paes and Bhupathi began their doubles date with destiny by clinching the title in
the first tournament at Chennai in 1997. The Indian pair scaled the greatest height of
being ranked as the number one team of the World. But an unexpected injury and shoulder
operation to Bhupathi temporarily split the pair at the dawn of the new Millennium. |
The first Indian to figure in the Wimbledon was Sardar Nihal Singh, who lost to Wilson Fax
in the first round in 1908. Ghaus Mohammad was the first Indian to reach the
quarter-finals of a Wimbledon. In 1939, he lost to R.L. Riggs in the last eight.
Ramanathan Krishnan twice reached the semi-finals in 1960 and 1961 and lost to Neale
Fraser and Rod Laver respectively. The other Indians to reach the quarter-final stage in
the Wimbledon are Vijay Amrithraj (1973 and 1981) and Ramesh Krishnan (1986). Vijay and
Anand Amrithraj reached the semi-finals of the doubles competition in 1976. In 1954,
Ramanathan Krishnan won the Junior Wimbledon title.
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And 25 years later his son, Ramesh, emulated the feat. In 1990, Leandar Paes also won the
Junior Wimbledon crown. While Ramesh has also won the Junior French Open in 1979, Leander
Paes has won the Junior Australian Open and the Junior US Open titles in 1990 and 1991
respectively. Leander subsequently won the bronze in the 1996 Olympics at Atlanta.
While Vijay Amrithraj played in the 1988 Seoul Olympics, when tennis was reinstated,
Ramesh and Leander narrowly missed the doubles bronze in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
India also reached the final of the Davis Cup competition thrice but without any success.
In 1961, the Indian team of Ramanathan Krishnan, Jaideep Mukherjea and Premjit Lal lost
1-4 to Australia in the Davis Cup final. In 1974, the Indian team comprising Vijay, Anand,
Sashi Menon and Jasjit Singh forfeited the final to South Africa. Again in 1987 the Indian
squad lost out 1-4 to Sweden in the final. The Indians made their debut in Davis
competition in 1921 with the team comprising M. Salem, S.M. Jacob, L.S. Deane and A.A.
Fayzee.
In the Asian Games at Bangkok, the Indian pair of V. Dhawan and S.P. Mishra won a bronze
medal. This was repeated by Shyarn Minotra and Chiradip Mukherjea in the 1978 Asiad again
at Bangkok. Sumant Mishra emerged as the first National Champion defeating Manmohan in
1946 at Calcutta, where the event was inaugurated. Zeeshan Ali at 16 in 1987 became the
youngest player to win the National Championship.
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